Temperature is the balance between production and loss of body heat. The body's internal temperature remains constant over the 37 º C, an essential requirement to develop a natural metabolic processes.
| HEAT CHANGES |
| Heat Produced | Heat Lost |
| - BMR - Food - Hormone Activity - Physical Activity | - evaporation (sweating) - Driving - Convection - urine, feces - Contact with cold objects |
The instrument used for measuring body temperature is the clinical thermometer. Includes divisions of decimal point from 35 º C to 42 ° C, consists of contacting a glass tank of mercury.
Parties Clinical Thermometer:
- Body: Completely glass.
- Bulb: compartment that contains mercury. Stem
- : Tube inside the body, allowing the mercury to move.
Currently there are different types of thermometer (digital, skin, etc.), But the clinical thermometer Mercury is still widely used.
Zones:
recommended areas for temperature measurement are:
- Oral cavity (under the tongue)
- Axillary Region Region
-
- Anal Region Inguinal Region
- Vaginal
REFERENCE VALUES - NORMAL
|
| ZONE T º NORMAL VARIATIONS |
| TIME |
| Axillary Inguinal | 36.5 ° C | ± 0.2 to 0.3 º C lower | 5 - 7 minutes |
| Oral
| 37 ° C | 36.5 to 37.2 is considered normal º C (± 0.3) | 3 - 5 minutes |
| Rectal Vaginal | 37.5 º C | ± 0.3 - 0.4 º C higher | 1 - 3 minutes |
Contraindications: There
some contraindications for the zone of temperature measurement, ie taking into account cases or situations in which areas may vary. Oral temperature
should not be taken in: Children
- People
- unconscious
- When there are injuries to the oral cavity
- elderly
-
- Seizures Patients with mental
- Patients with SNG
Axillary temperature
should not be taken in:
- Adenopathies
- wounds in the profuse sweating
-
should not be taken at: Hemorrhoids
-
- wounds or sores in the area
- Diarrhea
BODY TEMPERATURE CHANGES
1. Normal Variations : can show normal variations when there is:
- Physical exertion
- Food
-
- Pregnancy Menstrual Cycle
2. Abnormal Variations : Warning signals in the patient.
| Hypothermia | Less than 35 º C |
| slight fever | 37 º C - 37.5 º C |
| Pyrexia or fever - Moderate | 37.5 º C - 38.5 º C |
| Foot High | 38 , 5 º C - 39.5 º C |
| hyperthermia - high fever | 39.5 ° C - more |
GENERAL NURSING
- control body temperature must be regular and required intervals for the clinical situation of each patient.
- should always take the temperature in the same place, each person choosing the place where the measurements will be made periodically.
- in children is recommended to leave the final body temperature measurement, because the maneuvers can cause tears and could alter the other results.
- Must be made by holding the thermometer reading to eye level.
- Never take an oral temperature if the patient can not collaborate or no risk of breakage of the thermometer.
- After measuring disinfection should be performed with a low-level disinfectant (pure alcohol, iodine). If we did not have the disinfectant, we use a soapy sponge, then rinsing and drying, but with cold water. Do not expose the thermometer at high temperatures. Always clean from the end of the body to the bulb (From the clean to the dirtiest)
- Always keep the thermometer in its packaging and in an easily accessible place.
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