Free Streaming Chikan

The Blood pressure (BP) is the force that blood prints driven by the heart on the artery walls and allowing the circulation around the tree against the resistance of peripheral blood.

indirect measurement is the degree of resistance offered by the arteries as that the heart pumps blood through the body. The pressure is determined by the strength and volume of blood pumped and the size and sensitivity of the arteries.

blood pressure depends primarily on cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. The relationship is summarized in the following equation:

Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output x Peripheral Vascular Resistance

TYPES OF PRESSURE

• Systolic pressure: The heart contracts to pump blood as to the arteries. When the heart is contracting, is systolic pressure. It is the largest.
• Diastolic Pressure: As the heart relaxes between contractions, the pressure decreases. This is called diastolic. Is lower.

EQUIPMENT

The measurement is made with the sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Detail each of them and their parties.

1. SPHYGMOMANOMETER

• bracelet or cuff: compression device is surrounded by a wrought iron fabric that serves to apply tension in the artery to be used. Must be adapted to patient characteristics, corresponding to a width equal to two thirds the length of the arm, and a length sufficient to cover two thirds of its circumference.

The length of the cuff should allow completely surround the limb. In general, the width of the bracelet is recommended:

Under 1 year normal

	2-5 cm.
1 - 4 years	5-6 cm.
	4-8 years 8-9 cm. Adult
	12-13 cm.
	obese adults 14-15 cm.
	very obese adults 16-18 cm.

• Gauge: Usually mercury with a graduated scale from 0 to 300 mmHg, which serves to measure blood pressure values. Should always be calibrated, ie, the pointer should be at 0 before any measurement.
• Valve: With this little knob can be rotated, the system can be deflated quickly or gradually.
• inflating bulb or proficient: It improves the system pressure.
• Rubber Roads: can be rubber or rubber which is responsible for guiding the air to the air pressure in the system.

2. STETHOSCOPE

consists of the following parts:

• Diaphragm (1): the slide is in charge of expanding the noise.
• Bell (2): which is responsible for receptor function and sound transmission through the tracks.
• Olivas (3): complete the function of comfort and acoustic seal.
• Bellows (4): adjusts the tension of the binaural in the external ear canal.
• Tube (5): can be single or double, of different lengths and plastics.

NORMAL REFERENCE VALUES

Blood Pressure in Adults:

normotensive PA

Blood Pressure (BP) 119/79 mmHg Best
	120 Normal PA mmHg -129/80-84
	130-139/85-89 mmHg
PA Phase I	140-159/90-99 mmHg
	PA 160 Phase II mmHg -179/100-109
PA Phase III	≥ 180 / ≥ 110 mmHg

to maintain control or tracking is important that the person is taking blood pressure regularly, since a single measurement does not necessarily mean it is hypertensive or hypotensive.

BLOOD PRESSURE ANOMALIES

• Hypertension: is given when the patient's blood pressure is higher than normal limits, both in relation to their age and health status. This condition increases the risk of heart failure, heart attack (myocardial infarction), stroke and congestive impairment.
• Hypotension is given when the patient's blood pressure is below normal. This condition may be caused by blood volume deficit, either by extracorporeal losses, such as bleeding or diarrhea.

PLACES USED FOR MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE

• Arm: is the place of first choice. Place the band around your arm trying to lay on the humoral or brachial artery. The stethoscope is placed over the artery at the level of humoral elbow. Preferably the pressure is taken in the left arm, although currently this is not a policy.
• Thigh: Place the cuff on the thigh so that it is on the popliteal artery, the artery is located behind the knee. Is most useful when it is not possible as the brachial artery.

TECHNICAL

• Explain the technique to the patient.
• Place the patient in a comfortable, relaxed position with the arm extended and resting on a firm surface.
• Apply the blood pressure cuff around your arm, releasing the elbow flexion. Locate
• the brachial pulse and place the stethoscope bell.
• Close the air valve and breathe rapidly until the pulse disappears (180mmHg or more if the patient is hypertensive., About 20 to 30 mmHg above the pressure required to note the disappearance of the pulse)
• Open the air valve and let the cuff is deflated slowly, noting the scale of the gauge and the reappearance of beats listening with a stethoscope:

1. The point at which the first sound escuha corresponds to the systolic or maximum.

2. The point at which no longer hear the sounds, corresponding to the pressure diastolic or minimum.

• completely deflate the cuff and remove. Register
• measuring CFV in the patient chart and write it down in numbers as a fraction. Ex: 100/80 mmHg.

NURSING CONSIDERATIONS

• We must always take into account whether the patient is familiar with the procedure, as states of anxiety or fear the results may vary.
• The patient may be sitting or lying, but making sure the arm is at heart level. Be sure to check that are no obstacles (eg, clothes fit).
• The membrane of the stethoscope must be tightened firmly but not too much extraneous noise that can cause or suppress the pulse of the artery.
• When inflation reaches enough and you will be left cuff inflated just as long as is necessary to start the registration. Avoiding a
• deflate the cuff too fast, trying to deflate at a uniform rate of 2 mmHg per second.
• If there is any doubt about the figures obtained, repeat the procedure, after resting a few minutes.