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drug administration in a daily activity and frequent nursing. Responsibility is also crucial, since a practical careless and distractions can threaten the patient's life.

But before addressing the issue properly, we must clarify some basic concepts of pharmacology, as Nursing practice is directly related to the administration of medications, still required knowledge of drugs, their uses and effects and precautions for its proper administration.

Drug: The drug or drug is a chemical that acts on certain body systems, altering their behavior. If the effect of the drug is favorable for the organism, the drug substance is called . If on the contrary, the effect is negative, it is called toxic.

ORIGIN OF DRUGS
Medications can be:

• Vegetable: has its origin in primitive plants. Ejm: Plant Digitalis - Digoxin
• Animal: Its source animal oils, serums and some hormones of animals.
• Mineral Source: salts and minerals are used as the source. Ejm: magnesium salts, ferrous sulfate.
• Microbial Source: source microorganisms have been grown in the laboratory for antibiotics, vaccines, etc. Ejm: Gentamicin - Micromonospora purpura
• semisynthetic Source: is referred to as natural medicines are modified in the laboratory to change its properties. Ejm: In the morphine (analgesic) is synthesized codeine (cough suppressant).
• synthetic : When drugs are based on artificially created substances are not drugs, either by molecular manipulation or extraction of active ingredients.

USES OF DRUGS

1. Relief: Assumes prevent or decrease the discomfort of signs and symptoms such as pain, fever, nausea, etc. Within this group are the analgesics, antipyretics, antiemetics, among others.

2. Healing : Eliminate the cause of the disease. Within this group are the antibiotics, fungicides, anti-parasitic.

3. Replacement, maintenance and / or propelling: That exercise these effects on the functioning of certain organs or systems. Ejm: Insulin, Cardiotonic.

4. Prevention: When the application is determined to prevent the onset of certain diseases or the worsening of a condition already established. Ejm: Vaccines.

5. Diagnosis: used to facilitate Ejm diagnostic methods: The contrast agents for display certain parts of the body.

NAME OF DRUG

• Chemical Name: refers to a precise description of the composition and molecular structure of the drug.

6D (2 Amino-2-phenylacetamide) -3,3-Ddimetil-7 - oxo - 4-tia -1 - azabicyclo (3.2.0.) Heptane - 2-carboxylic acid & # 160; Ampicillin

• Generic Name: is an international name, which enables us around the world. Ejm: Ibuprofen.
  
  
• Trade Name or Trademark: is the name under which the manufacturer dispensed in the drug market. Same drug may have a different trade name.

DOSAGE FORMS

drugs have different styles, which conform to the routes of administration thereof. But before mentioning the forms should be take into account the structure of the drug in general.

drugs are basically composed by:

- Active Ingredient: is the component that provides the specific action of the drug.

- Excipients: are substances without specific action to help the active ingredient to enter the body and exert their therapeutic action. These solutions have the form, cohesion, flavor and help to preserve the drug.

However, the dosage forms contain a certain dose and concentration that allows its administration. We can classify them by shape and presentation itself:

• solid forms: tablets, lozenges, tablets.
• liquid form: syrups, serums, eye drops, some injections.
• semisolid form: Creams, jellies, creams, ointments.
• gaseous forms: sprays, mists, oxygen, nitrous oxide.

IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS

• Local effect: Located at the point of application
• Effect Systemic through the bloodstream to the whole organism level.
• Combined Action: Action presented by combining two or more drugs.
• Dose: is the amount of drug or drug to be administered to a living being to produce a certain effect, depending on age, sex, weight, route of administration, physiological state of organism.

ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION

The routes of administration are those parts of the body where they are applied drugs, either to perform a local action on the application site or a general (systemic) after its absorption. These routes are divided into two groups:

Enteral Routes

routes of administration are those in which the drug enters from outside the body through natural cavities, addition to skin and mucous membranes. This group in turn is divided into:

1) Topical: Skin and mucous
- Via Skin
- Ophthalmic
Via - Via Ótica
- Via Nasal
2) Via Oral
3) Sublingual
4) Rectal route - Vaginal

parenteral routes

administration routes are those where the drug or drug enters the body through an injection through a needle that passes through skin and tissues. Within this group are:

- Via Intradermal: Applied in the dermis
- Intramuscular: Applied in the muscle
- subcutaneous use: Apply in fat, subcutaneous
- Intravenous: Applied in the veins directly into the bloodstream.

There are other less use and more complex, such as intrathecal, intrathecal, intraarticular and intracardiac.

THE "FIVE CORRECT"

there are some indications in nursing called "The 5 correct," which must be satisfied if the medication administration on a compulsory basis, in order to avoid unnecessary errors. These sections are:

1) Drug Success: We must be sure to administer the medication is medically indicated.

2) correct dose: is necessary to verify that the dose to be administered is the same as that recorded in the HC or prescription.

3) Via right: The route of administration should be indicated on the HC or prescription and verified in the presentation of the drug.

4) Right Time: We must remember that the drug either at the exact time and will have the desired bioavailability.

5) Patient's right: is important to verify the right patient, to prevent anaphylaxis or complications.

PRECAUTIONS AND GENERAL NURSING

• must focus on the moment of drug delivery, for which it is preferable to work independently and without interruption.
• should not be given any medication without first you have read the package label. If you are not labeling must be returned.
• Make sure that the person applying the medication has been properly verified.
• Never give any drug, including placebo, without a written order by the physician.
• Never leave a drug to reach the person to be so self-administer. The administration must be supervised by nursing.
• always take into account whether the patient is allergic to the medicine. If it is not known or not security, is better to run a sensitivity test. If allergy tests should not be applied.
• drugs never be passed from one container to another.
• preparing the drugs, a practice must be read three times the label of the same: By identifying the medication from storage before opening and saving time.
• Always apply the 5 incorrect.
• If the drug is given by mouth, ensure that it has been swallowed.
• If you feel that a prescription is wrong, ask again or not apply the medicine.

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